AWS Kosten optimieren – Reserved Instances und Savings Plans 2025

AWS Preismodelle im Überblick

AWS Cost Explorer analysieren

# Monatliche Kosten per Service
aws ce get-cost-and-usage     --time-period Start=2025-06-01,End=2025-06-30     --granularity MONTHLY     --metrics BlendedCost     --group-by Type=DIMENSION,Key=SERVICE     --query 'ResultsByTime[0].Groups | sort_by(@, &Metrics.BlendedCost.Amount) | reverse(@) | [:10]'

# Unused Resources (verschwendete Kosten)
aws ce get-rightsizing-recommendation     --service EC2     --query 'RightsizingRecommendations[:5]'

Savings Plans kaufen

# Empfehlung anzeigen
aws savingsplans describe-savings-plans-purchase-recommendation     --savings-plan-type COMPUTE_SP     --term-in-years ONE_YEAR     --payment-option NO_UPFRONT

# Aktive Savings Plans anzeigen
aws savingsplans describe-savings-plans     --states active

EC2 Reserved Instances

# Aktuelle On-Demand-Nutzung analysieren
aws ec2 describe-instances     --filters "Name=instance-state-name,Values=running"     --query 'Reservations[].Instances[].{Type:InstanceType,AZ:Placement.AvailabilityZone}' |     sort | uniq -c | sort -rn

# RI Recommendations
aws ce get-reservation-purchase-recommendation     --service EC2     --term-in-years ONE_YEAR     --payment-option NO_UPFRONT

Unused Resources bereinigen

# Ungenutzte Elastic IPs
aws ec2 describe-addresses     --query 'Addresses[?AssociationId==null].[PublicIp,AllocationId]'

# Ungenutzte EBS Volumes
aws ec2 describe-volumes     --filters "Name=status,Values=available"     --query 'Volumes[].{ID:VolumeId,Size:Size,Type:VolumeType}'

# Gestoppte EC2-Instanzen (noch EBS-Kosten!)
aws ec2 describe-instances     --filters "Name=instance-state-name,Values=stopped"     --query 'Reservations[].Instances[].{ID:InstanceId,Type:InstanceType,Name:Tags[?Key==Name]|[0].Value}'

# Alten Snapshots löschen
aws ec2 describe-snapshots --owner-ids self     --query 'Snapshots | sort_by(@, &StartTime) | [:10].{ID:SnapshotId,Date:StartTime,Size:VolumeSize}'

AWS Budgets Alert

cat > budget.json << 'EOF'
{
  "BudgetName": "Monatliches AWS Budget",
  "BudgetLimit": {"Amount": "500", "Unit": "USD"},
  "TimeUnit": "MONTHLY",
  "BudgetType": "COST"
}
EOF

aws budgets create-budget     --account-id 123456789012     --budget file://budget.json     --notifications-with-subscribers     '[{"Notification":{"ComparisonOperator":"GREATER_THAN","NotificationType":"ACTUAL","Threshold":80,"ThresholdType":"PERCENTAGE"},"Subscribers":[{"Address":"[email protected]","SubscriptionType":"EMAIL"}]}]'

FAQ

Wie viel spart man mit 1-Year Savings Plans?
Compute Savings Plans 1-Jahr No Upfront: ~40% gegenüber On-Demand. 1-Jahr All Upfront: ~45%.

Kann man Reservations zurückgeben?
AWS erlaubt den Marketplace-Verkauf ungenutzter Standard Reserved Instances.

Fazit

Savings Plans für dauerhaften Compute + Spot für Batch-Jobs + Budget Alerts reduzieren AWS-Kosten drastisch.

AWS FinOps und Kostenoptimierung für KMU in Heidelberg, Mannheim und der Rhein-Neckar-Region. Anfragen.